| 1. |
- Månsson Lexell, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Constantly Changing Lives: Experiences of People With Multiple Sclerosis
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 63:6, s. 772-781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to gain an enhanced understanding of how people with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience their engagement in occupations. We interviewed 10 people and then analyzed the data gathered using the constant comparative method of grounded theory, The findings encompassed the core category "essentials of a constantly changing life," showing that along a continuum of change, the participants experienced a decreasing engagement in occupations that forced them to continuously struggle to maintain engagement. This struggle changed them and required them to construct a different life than before. Our findings suggest that professionals working in MS rehabilitation need to broaden their repertoire of interventions relevant to conditions in clients' social environment, with the intention of influencing those occupations that are individually most meaningful. Occupational therapists should focus on the client's engagement in occupations and its consequences for the client's life and self-identity.
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| 2. |
- Dahlin-Ivanoff, Synneve, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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The multiple meaning of home as experienced by very old Swedish people.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 14:1, s. 25-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore aspects of the meaning of home as experienced by very old single-living people in Sweden. A grounded theory approach was used, and interviews were conducted with 40 men and women aged 80-89. The findings indicate that home has a central place in the lives of very old people because it is where they live and spend so much time. The significance of the home is based on the fact that it means so many different things to the participants. The theme comprises two key categories: home means security and home means freedom. Each of these has three sub-categories. In home means security, these are: living in a familiar neighborhood, everything functions, and having memories to live on. Home means freedom comprises a place for reflection, a social meeting-point, and leaving your own mark. Home is part of the environment and influences the meaning and selection of activities that very old people decide to engage in. When occupational therapists prescribe assistive devices or recommend changes in the home environment, they must be very well aware of and reflect on what home means to their clients and base their measures on that.
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| 3. |
- Haak, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Home as a signification of independence and autonomy: experiences among very old Swedish people.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 14:1, s. 16-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore independence in the home as experienced by very old single-living people in Sweden. A grounded theory approach was used and interviews were conducted with 40 men and women aged 80-89. Data analysis revealed the core category "Home as a signification of independence" with two main categories: "Struggle for independence" and "Governing daily life". The findings showed that home is strongly linked to independence, and being independent is extremely valued. Explicit descriptions of the ageing process as an individual process of changing living conditions within the home emerged from the findings. Hence, the ageing process influences the participants' perception of themselves as independent persons. Along the ageing process the participants' view of independence changed from being independent in activity performance without help from others to experiencing independence in being able to make autonomous decisions concerning daily life at home. Consequently, there is a need to develop strategies to support very old people in staying as active and independent as possible in their own homes. In addition, since the findings highlight that independence is a complex construct, there is a need for conceptual differentiation between independence and a construct often used synonymously, namely autonomy.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of dependence in daily activities combined with a self-rating of difficulty.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of rehabilitation medicine : official journal of the UEMS European Board of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2081. ; 41:3, s. 150-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the information gained by extending a well-established instrument of dependence/independence in activities of daily living with a self-rating of difficulty, and to illustrate the relevance and usefulness of this combined approach with cross-national data. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Cross-sectional survey study data collected with 1918 very old persons in 5 European countries. METHODS: The "ADL staircase assessment" of dependence/independence, extended with a self-rating of difficulty, was administered at home visits. Data distribution in the 5 national samples and analyses with or without use of the self-rating data were carried out. RESULTS: High proportions of the subjects were independent in most of the activities assessed, while substantial proportions reported difficulties. Considerable differences were identified among the national samples. In personal activities of daily living, those assessed as independent varied from 87% to 100%, while the proportion of those who rated themselves as "independent without difficulty" ranged from 53% to 98%. In instrumental activities, 33-91% were assessed as independent, while the proportions of "independent without difficulty" ranged from 24% to 77%. Analysis results differed as to whether or not self-ratings of difficulty were used. CONCLUSION: The combined approach to data collection gave a diversified, information-rich picture. The assessment used is easy to administer and can be used in practice contexts in different countries.
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| 6. |
- Oswald, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Homeward bound: Introducing a four-domain model of perceived housing in very old age
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1522-9610 .- 0272-4944. ; 26:3, s. 187-201, s. 168-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to introduce an integrative and more comprehensive approach to understanding and measuring perceived housing in old age. First, four conceptual domains of subjective housing were introduced, based on the assumption that each of the domains brings a unique perspective to the understanding of perceived housing: housing satisfaction, usability in the home, meaning of home and housing-related control beliefs. Second, relationships between the proposed domains were empirically examined using correlative analysis, factor analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques. Cross-cultural similarities and differences in the observed empirical relations were then analysed across three Western European countries. Data were drawn from a sub-sample of the participants in the European ENABLE-AGE Project amounting to 1223 old adults aged 80-89 years and living alone in their private homes in Swedish, British, and German urban regions. The ENABLE-AGE data set has the advantage of containing measures related to all four domains of perceived housing which are the focus of this paper. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis as well as of the SEM give empirical support for the usefulness of the theoretically proposed four component model of perceived housing. Furthermore, multi-group analysis supports the assumption of similarity of perceived housing among older people living in the different countries. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Månsson Lexell, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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The complexity of daily occupations in multiple sclerosis.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 13:4, s. 8-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to describe which self-care, productivity, and leisure occupations individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) perceive as difficult to perform on admission to rehabilitation and the individuals' own perception of the importance of, performance of, and satisfaction with these occupations. Whether the reported self-care, productivity, and leisure occupations were related to sex, age, disease severity, and living arrangements was also investigated. Forty-seven men and women (mean age 49.4 years) were assessed with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) on admission to rehabilitation. The individuals reported 366 occupations (median 8, range 3-15), which were categorized as self-care (51%), productivity (30%), and leisure (19%). Three COPM subcategories—household management (26%), personal care (21%), and functional mobility (20%)—accounted for two-thirds of the reported occupations. All prioritized occupations (n=238; (median 5, range 2-7) had high ratings for importance and the ratings for performance and satisfaction were generally low. Men reported significantly more occupations related to self-care than women, but no significant difference between the sexes could be found for productivity and leisure. No significant differences between the occupational areas were found when age, disease severity, or/and living arrangements were included in the analysis. In conclusion, individuals with MS perceive difficulties with occupations related to all aspects of daily life. This underscores the need to use assessment tools that capture the complexity of daily occupations.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne
(författare)
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A Long-Term Perspective on Person-Environment Fit and ADL Dependence Among Older Swedish Adults.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Gerontologist. - 1758-5341. ; 45:3, s. 327-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study described person–environment (P–E) fit and activities of daily living (ADLs) among older adults, and it explored the relationship between P–E fit and ADL dependence, testing Lawton's docility hypothesis at two points in time. Design and Methods: From a random sample of individuals aged 75–84 living in a Swedish municipality, 72 persons were available for baseline and follow-up interviews over a 6-year period. Interviews and observations were used for data collection at home visits. Results: P–E fit problems as well as ADL dependence increased from baseline to follow-up. Functional limitations and dependence on mobility devices increased; few changes were found concerning environmental barriers. At follow-up, ADL dependence and P–E fit correlated significantly in the frailest subsample. Implications: In advanced age, P–E fit problems in housing are related to ADL dependence. The increase of P–E fit problems mostly results from functional decline, although to some extent it is from environmental changes as well. The methodology used demonstrates the potential to increase our understanding of how the main components of Lawton's model change and interact over time.
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| 10. |
- Löfqvist, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Use of mobility devices and changes over 12 months among very old people in five European countries.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Aging clinical and experimental research. - 1720-8319. ; 19:6, s. 497-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mobility devices (MDs) such as walking sticks, rollators and wheelchairs, often play an important role for older people living at home, striving to remain independent in everyday activities. The aim of this study was to explore how the use of MDs changes over time among very old people in five European countries. METHODS: Empirical data from the ENABLE-AGE Survey Study, part of a major interdisciplinary research project carried out in Sweden (n=314), Germany (n=322), the United Kingdom (n=316), Hungary (n=179), and Latvia (n=225), were used. RESULTS: The use of MDs in the Swedish, German and UK samples showed a significant increase between the first occasion of data collection (T1) and the second (T2), 12 months later. A walking stick was the most common MD on both occasions, with the exception that the number of users of rollators outdoors exceeded the number of users of walking sticks in the Swedish sample at T2. Among non-users of MDs at T1, 12-21% became new users at T2. Continued use was seen between T1 and T2 (80-94%) in the various samples, but the type of MD used changed. In the Swedish, German and UK samples, significant changes were seen in the use of MDs with greater assistive potential over the year. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the pattern of MD use changes over a short period of time. More research is needed to determine outcomes of MD use in very old age, focusing on the extent to which MDs decrease disability during the aging process, not least in a European perspective.
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